![]() ![]() A total of 69 terms for complications after non-surgical management were identified from 19 articles. No general definition of a complication was found. In addition, 12 book chapters were reviewed from an initial list of 100. Data-extraction included first articles published in 2017, was then performed iteratively in batches of 20 articles, and terminated after retrieval of 91 articles when no additional definitions or terms was found. The initial search identified 1376 references from which 470 articles were selected for full-text retrieval. Terms and definitions concerning non-surgical management were tabulated, grouped and analyzed qualitatively. Two reviewers independently extracted and grouped terms and definitions according to a predefined scheme. ![]() We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and WorldCat (2010–2017) and included articles and book chapters containing complication terms or definitions. Therefore we systematically reviewed the use of terms and definitions of complications after nonsurgical management of proximal humeral fractures. However, evidence-based treatment recommendations, balancing benefits and harms, presuppose a common reporting of complications and adverse events, which at the moment is largely missing. Recent randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses even question the benefit of surgical treatment for displaced 3-, and 4-part fractures. A majority of proximal humeral fractures can be managed without surgery. ![]()
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